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To ancient Assyrians, the liver was the seat of happiness

For the ancient Assyrians, emotions were felt differently in the body. A new analysis of Akkadian texts suggests happiness was linked not to the heart but to the liver, offering fresh insight into how Assyrians understood emotions and the human body.

To ancient Assyrians, the liver was the seat of happiness
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These early studies have revealed frequent references to body-related processes of emotional experiences, including how Akkadian considers internal organs as containers of emotions or embodied feelings. For example, the terms libbu (broadly, the ‘inside of the body’ or ‘torso’, but it can also refer to the belly, the heart, or the womb) and kabattu (‘liver; innards’) are found frequently in descriptions of embodied feelings and emotion expressions. For a specific example, sorrow is sometimes literally referred to as ‘illness of the heart’ (muruṣ libbi).

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